{"id":569,"date":"2023-09-20T16:27:31","date_gmt":"2023-09-20T19:27:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.sigaud.com.br\/nicole\/?p=569"},"modified":"2025-06-21T18:11:42","modified_gmt":"2025-06-21T21:11:42","slug":"ritmos-dos-poligonos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sigaud.com.br\/nicole\/2023\/09\/20\/ritmos-dos-poligonos\/","title":{"rendered":"Ritmos dos pol\u00edgonos"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Uma coisa interessante acontece quando sobrepomos pol\u00edgonos regulares com um v\u00e9rtice em comum: um ritmo acontece, de medidas surpreendentes cujo padr\u00e3o ainda n\u00e3o pude estabelecer.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sigaud.com.br\/nicole\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/poligonos_4-20.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-646 size-medium\" style=\"width: 319px;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sigaud.com.br\/nicole\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/poligonos_4-20-300x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sigaud.com.br\/nicole\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/poligonos_4-20-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.sigaud.com.br\/nicole\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/poligonos_4-20-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.sigaud.com.br\/nicole\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/poligonos_4-20-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.sigaud.com.br\/nicole\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/poligonos_4-20-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/www.sigaud.com.br\/nicole\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/poligonos_4-20-1536x1536.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.sigaud.com.br\/nicole\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/poligonos_4-20.png 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>Este \u00e9 um exemplo composto de pol\u00edgonos regulares com 3 a 20 lados, <em>unidos por um v\u00e9rtice<\/em> e com todas as suas diagonais (clique na imagem para abr\u00ed-la em seu tamanho original). D\u00e1 para perceber o ritmo feito pelas curvas formadas pelas interse\u00e7\u00f5es das diagonais (hipocicl\u00f3ides, c\u00e1usticas, nefr\u00f3ides), n\u00e3o somente as curvas laterais, mas igualmente as menos percept\u00edveis, formando arcos c\u00f4ncavos nas linhas horizontais.<\/p>\r\n<p>Foi procurada uma sequ\u00eancia relacionada a esse ritmo, mas no site <a href=\"https:\/\/oeis.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences\u00ae (OEIS\u00ae)<\/a>, esta n\u00e3o foi encontrada<\/p>\r\n<p>Na p\u00e1gina <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chryzode.org\/english\/cognitif.htm\">https:\/\/www.chryzode.org\/english\/cognitif.htm<\/a> existe uma imagem semelhante a esta, com considera\u00e7\u00f5es a respeito dos Cr\u00edsodos, desenvolvidos pela equipe do site, mas nada sobre as rela\u00e7\u00f5es entre as curvas internas.<\/p>\r\n<p>Algumas linhas de constru\u00e7\u00e3o b\u00e1sicas puderam ser delimitadas dentro do complexo de cruzamentos de diagonais: linhas de arestas de in\u00edcio de curvas na horizontas (c\u00e1usticas?, nefr\u00f3ides?) e arestas de curvas \u00e0s quais dei o nome de &#8220;abas laterais&#8221; (c\u00e1usticas?, nefr\u00f3ides?), na falta de terminologia mais adequada.<\/p>\r\n<p>Na imagem abaixo, as c\u00faspides cas curvas geradas pela superposi\u00e7\u00e3o s\u00e3o mostradas, bem como as rela\u00e7\u00f5es de tamanhos em representa\u00e7\u00f5es de ret\u00e2ngulos, barras e ondas.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-667 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sigaud.com.br\/nicole\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/medidas-centrais-1-300x268.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"268\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sigaud.com.br\/nicole\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/medidas-centrais-1-300x268.png 300w, https:\/\/www.sigaud.com.br\/nicole\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/medidas-centrais-1-1024x916.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.sigaud.com.br\/nicole\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/medidas-centrais-1-768x687.png 768w, https:\/\/www.sigaud.com.br\/nicole\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/medidas-centrais-1-1536x1374.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.sigaud.com.br\/nicole\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/medidas-centrais-1.png 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-668\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sigaud.com.br\/nicole\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/rel_cuspides-300x225.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sigaud.com.br\/nicole\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/rel_cuspides-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/www.sigaud.com.br\/nicole\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/rel_cuspides-1024x769.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.sigaud.com.br\/nicole\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/rel_cuspides-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/www.sigaud.com.br\/nicole\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/rel_cuspides.png 1183w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p>Note que os v\u00e9rtices apontados pelas linhas azuis s\u00e3o bem definidos, salvo o que se encontra entre o primeiro e o segundo, de baixo para cima. Clique nas imagens para abr\u00ed-las no tamanho original.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-673\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sigaud.com.br\/nicole\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/medidas-laterais-300x268.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"268\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sigaud.com.br\/nicole\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/medidas-laterais-300x268.png 300w, https:\/\/www.sigaud.com.br\/nicole\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/medidas-laterais-1024x916.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.sigaud.com.br\/nicole\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/medidas-laterais-768x687.png 768w, https:\/\/www.sigaud.com.br\/nicole\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/medidas-laterais-1536x1374.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.sigaud.com.br\/nicole\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/medidas-laterais.png 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-676\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sigaud.com.br\/nicole\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/rel_conchas-e1695774343642-159x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"159\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sigaud.com.br\/nicole\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/rel_conchas-e1695774343642-159x300.png 159w, https:\/\/www.sigaud.com.br\/nicole\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/rel_conchas-e1695774343642-542x1024.png 542w, https:\/\/www.sigaud.com.br\/nicole\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/rel_conchas-e1695774343642.png 737w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 159px) 100vw, 159px\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p>O desenho dos pol\u00edgonos de 3 a 20 lados, com <em>um dos lados alinhado a uma linha-guia<\/em> n\u00e3o mostra coisa alguma de relevante ou esteticamente chamativo.<\/p>\r\n<p>O desenho dos pol\u00edgonos de 4 a 22 lados, somente de n\u00fameros pares de lados, com um v\u00e9rtice em comum, evidenciou duas curvas com espelhamentos vertical e horizontal, que resultaram em composi\u00e7\u00f5es de conforma\u00e7\u00e3o oblonga. Abaixo, as curvas com seus pontos de forma\u00e7\u00e3o (nodos) vetoriais. Clique nas imagens para abr\u00ed-las no tamanho original.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sigaud.com.br\/nicole\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/pares-com-diag-4-22.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-661\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sigaud.com.br\/nicole\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/pares-com-diag-4-22-300x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sigaud.com.br\/nicole\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/pares-com-diag-4-22-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.sigaud.com.br\/nicole\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/pares-com-diag-4-22-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.sigaud.com.br\/nicole\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/pares-com-diag-4-22-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.sigaud.com.br\/nicole\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/pares-com-diag-4-22-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/www.sigaud.com.br\/nicole\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/pares-com-diag-4-22.png 1097w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sigaud.com.br\/nicole\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/pares-com-diag-4-22-curvas.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-662\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sigaud.com.br\/nicole\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/pares-com-diag-4-22-curvas-300x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sigaud.com.br\/nicole\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/pares-com-diag-4-22-curvas-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.sigaud.com.br\/nicole\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/pares-com-diag-4-22-curvas-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.sigaud.com.br\/nicole\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/pares-com-diag-4-22-curvas-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.sigaud.com.br\/nicole\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/pares-com-diag-4-22-curvas-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/www.sigaud.com.br\/nicole\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/pares-com-diag-4-22-curvas.png 1097w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p>ADENDO<\/p>\r\n<p>1. Encontrar o n\u00famero de diagonais de um pol\u00edgono regular:<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>K = n(n-3)\/2 {n <span id=\"MathJax-Element-32-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"presentation\" data-mathml=\"&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML&quot; display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;&lt;mo fence=&quot;false&quot; stretchy=&quot;false&quot;&gt;{&lt;\/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;x&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&amp;#x2208;&lt;\/mo&gt;&lt;mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;&gt;&lt;mi mathvariant=&quot;double-struck&quot;&gt;R&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;\/mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;:&lt;\/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;x&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;\/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;\/mn&gt;&lt;mo fence=&quot;false&quot; stretchy=&quot;false&quot;&gt;}&lt;\/mo&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;\/mo&gt;&lt;\/math&gt;\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-103\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-104\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-107\" class=\"mo\">\u2208 <\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-108\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-109\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-110\" class=\"mi\">R | n <\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-111\" class=\"mo\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u2265 4}<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p>2. Encontrar o n\u00famero de lados de um pol\u00edgono regular a partir das diagonais dadas &#8211; bastando tirar as ra\u00edzes na equa\u00e7\u00e3o de 2\u00ba grau, excluindo as ra\u00edzes negativas:<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>n(n-3)\/2 \u21d2 n\u00b2-3n-2=0<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p>3. Considere a figura plana obtida pelo desenho de todas as diagonais de um pol\u00edgono regular de n v\u00e9rtices. Se cada ponto de interse\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 associado a um nodo e as diagonais s\u00e3o partidas em cada interse\u00e7\u00e3o para formar segmentos associados a v\u00e9rtices, a figura resultante \u00e9 um gr\u00e1fico planar, denominado R<sub>n<\/sub>.<\/p>\r\n<figure style=\"width: 477px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"center-image\" src=\"https:\/\/mathworld.wolfram.com\/images\/eps-svg\/PolygonDiagonalIntersectionGraph_800.svg\" alt=\"PolygonDiagonalIntersectionGraph\" width=\"477\" height=\"231\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Imagem copiada do site: https:\/\/mathworld.wolfram.com\/PolygonDiagonalIntersectionGraph.html<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n<p>Para <strong>n = 1, 2, 3, &#8230;<\/strong>, a contagem de v\u00e9rtices V<sub>n<\/sub> de R<sub>n<\/sub> \u00e9 dada pela sequ\u00eancia <strong>1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 19, 42, 57, 135, 171, &#8230;<\/strong> (OEIS <a href=\"http:\/\/oeis.org\/A007569\">A007569<\/a>)<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u00a0<\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Uma coisa interessante acontece quando sobrepomos pol\u00edgonos regulares com um v\u00e9rtice em comum: um ritmo acontece, de medidas surpreendentes cujo padr\u00e3o ainda n\u00e3o pude estabelecer. Este \u00e9 um exemplo composto de pol\u00edgonos regulares com 3 a 20 lados, unidos por um v\u00e9rtice e com todas as suas diagonais (clique na imagem para abr\u00ed-la em seu [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-569","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-matematica"],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Nicole Sigaud","author_link":"https:\/\/www.sigaud.com.br\/nicole\/author\/admin\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Uma coisa interessante acontece quando sobrepomos pol\u00edgonos regulares com um v\u00e9rtice em comum: um ritmo acontece, de medidas surpreendentes cujo padr\u00e3o ainda n\u00e3o pude estabelecer. Este \u00e9 um exemplo composto de pol\u00edgonos regulares com 3 a 20 lados, unidos por um v\u00e9rtice e com todas as suas diagonais (clique na imagem para abr\u00ed-la em seu&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sigaud.com.br\/nicole\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/569","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sigaud.com.br\/nicole\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sigaud.com.br\/nicole\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sigaud.com.br\/nicole\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sigaud.com.br\/nicole\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=569"}],"version-history":[{"count":26,"href":"https:\/\/www.sigaud.com.br\/nicole\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/569\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":678,"href":"https:\/\/www.sigaud.com.br\/nicole\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/569\/revisions\/678"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sigaud.com.br\/nicole\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=569"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sigaud.com.br\/nicole\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=569"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sigaud.com.br\/nicole\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=569"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}